The Bactrian camels are spring in the Central Asian countries such as Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, Khalmyk of Russian Federation. Camel breeds, distinguished by colour, size, built or other characteristics have been described. Breeds of camels are not as much differentiated as breeds in other domestic livestock species.
Mongolia – country where camel nomadism is widely practiced. Bac- trian camels are grazing in a systematic migratory movement in search of pasture and water. They thrive mostly in the eastern part of the Mongolia.
Mongolia has a short growing season from June to mid-August and has minimal precipitation throughout the year. More severe climatic conditions than other countries in the same geographic zone can be explained by the fact that the country averages an altitude of 1580 m above sea level. It is far from any oceans and receives minimal amounts of precipitation due to the high mountains surrounding it.
Mongolia receives 2600 to 3300 hours of sunshine per year. Cloud cov- ering may appear up to 9 to 23 days per month. Although it has a longer sunshine period by 100-300 hours than central Asia, Mongolia is generally cooler because she is situated at a higher altitude above sea level, in the cool weather zone.
Mongolia has all types of terrains such as high mountains, valleys be- tween the mountain ranges, forests, wide steppes and the Gobi desert zones.
Mongolia has its own tradition of pastoralist or nomadic animal hus- bandry. A half of its 3.0 million inhabitants still preserve a nomadic lifestyle, freely migrating in the steppes, mountains and deserts and living on livestock breeding and natural resources, following thousand-year-old traditions. Ani- mal husbandry has long been the leading traditional branch of the Mongolian economy. They are able to produce more than the population’s food demand of milk and meat products, thus exporting a considerable amount, too. Ac- cording to the 2014 Statistics of Mongolia, the livestock population reached 52.0 mln. head. Mongolia is the world leader in per capita per animals.
Camels are mostly kept in eastern part or Gobi region of Mongolia. The word Gobi means ‘desert’ in Mongolian. The Gobi is a windswept, nearly treeless desert that stretches across the southern of Mongolia. The Gobi cov- ers more than 500,000 square miles/1,300,000 square kilometers. It extends about 1,200 miles/1,930kilometers from east to west and about 600 miles/970 kilometers from north to south.
